The Nanchang Uprising Army in Hailufeng.
Release time:
2018-02-24
Initially, we did not rely on the Ye and He armies, but recaptured Hailufeng with our own strength. After the second setback, comrades and the peasant masses inevitably had the idea that when the Ye and He armies arrived, we would surely be able to regroup. Naturally, this is not entirely bad. The party members and masses in Haifeng (and Lufeng) have realized their own strength; they all believe they can solve the problems of Hailufeng themselves, but the Ye and He armies can deal a blow to the counter-revolutionaries, which would greatly help the peasants in various counties to rise up and fight. This is our greatest hope for the Ye and He armies. After the Ye and He armies entered Chaoshan, they concentrated all their efforts on Jieyang, attacking Xingning. We learned about the strength of Ye and He, understood the enemy's situation, and also knew the conditions of the peasants in various counties (such as the Puning incident). We believe that no matter how difficult it is, we will not completely fail. This is an opportunity; we must work hard in all places to break through difficulties and ensure victory. Therefore, we decided that regardless of the size of our forces or the extent of sacrifices, we must all rise up to deal a heavy blow to the enemies in Hailufeng in response to the front-line battles. Thus, there was the action to attack Lufeng City on October 5th (at that time, Lufeng was the only county city held by the enemy).
The Ye and He armies had sent personnel to Hailufeng to recruit soldiers. We knew this was crucial to victory or defeat, so we helped with all our strength and decided to recruit at least three thousand people (they originally planned for two thousand). Since they did not bring funds for recruitment, we prepared to lend them ten thousand yuan for recruitment purposes. The recruitment commissioner arrived in Haifeng on the afternoon of the second and had recruited over seven hundred new soldiers by the morning of the fourth, which shows the enthusiasm of the peasant masses and the active work of comrades. However, when this group of peasant masses set out, the front had already failed. They received only a few yuan for settling down and four jiao a day for food on the way, and the difficulties they faced were not to be mentioned.
We continued to recruit soldiers while resolutely directing attacks on the enemy from all sides. However, the plan to attack Lufeng County on the fifth could not be realized, and the 20th Army had retreated to Lufeng after their defeat. After the failure of the Liusha battle, officers and staff of the Ye and He troops and the revolutionary committee, comrades or non-comrades, fled to Hailufeng. Most of the comrades working in the 20th Army also left the main group, planning how to find the provincial committee. The traitor from the original 20th Army's first division (referring to the deputy division commander Ou Xuehai - editor's note) had already contacted the commander of the Hailufeng enemy troops to surrender after arriving in Lufeng, so many comrades left this traitorous army to seek other paths.
After the news of the Ye and He armies recapturing Chaoshan reached us, we (the Dongjiang Special Committee) immediately planned how each county should act, especially in Hailufeng, to intercept the defeated enemy everywhere and not let them escape. After the arrival of the 20th Army, the masses were very happy to go everywhere to capture the defeated troops. As a result, over a hundred were captured in places like Qingkeng and Jiesheng, and all their clothes and valuables were confiscated by the peasants, and they were also beaten severely. Unable to fight back, they directly admitted to being part of the Ye and He troops or recognized themselves as communists. The peasants were astonished and said, "Oh! So they are comrades!" Thus, they were treated very well.
According to comrades who had defected from the 20th Army, the traitor of the 20th Army (the deputy division commander) had long been plotting betrayal. The reactionary nature began to show during the Tangkeng battle, where he often made reactionary remarks. After arriving in Lufeng, he used the excuse of food shortages and the commander being unaccounted for to surrender. When negotiating the surrender, he openly stated that he wanted to capture some representatives of the peasant associations and communists to execute them. We initially decided to surround the division with revolutionary sentiment, mobilize the masses to hold a meeting to welcome them, or send representatives to make contact and cover their food expenses, etc. After knowing this situation, we did not proceed. At this time, we decided to resolve the situation with the 20th Army (first division) by having comrades who had come out of the 20th Army act separately, contacting the troops that could be commanded to mobilize immediately; if they could not be commanded, then the soldiers would be encouraged to flee; the peasant army would attack that army; there was money available, and people were well allocated, which was very promising given the circumstances. The peasants had a strong hatred for the traitorous army, and over a hundred traitors went to Shanwei to negotiate surrender, and during their passage through Qingkeng, they were intercepted by the peasant army. However, while the plan was underway, the traitorous army was caught up by the enemy forces led by Chen Jitang, Xu Jingtang, and Huang Xuchu.
When the 20th Army arrived, we learned about the failure in Shantou and the plan to retreat to Hailufeng. At this time, we also learned about the situation of the failure in the Liusha battle, so we sent people in six directions to find the revolutionary committee and asked them to come to Haifeng according to the original plan. At this time, the remnants of the 24th Division had also arrived. The Ye and He troops had completely failed.
The next day, the remnants of the 24th Division arrived in the southeastern part of Lufeng. At that time, there were pursuing troops behind (about twenty miles away), and rebel forces in front (in Lufeng City). In the Hetian area (northwest of Lufeng), there were more than two thousand men from Huang Shaohong's unit, and in Haifeng County, there was a regiment led by Chen Xueshun. The people and comrades were completely disappointed in the Ye and He revolutionary army due to the betrayal of the 20th Army. They believed that the 24th Division was also counter-revolutionary, so after their arrival, the already weak farmers in the southeastern part of Lufeng did not see a single one. Later, when the party made contact, they learned that it was a reliable remnant, and thus the 1,300 to 1,400 men of this unit crossed several enemy defenses through Lufeng Daan and Xintian, and reached the farmers' defense at Jieshi Creek. At that time, we issued an urgent order to immediately expand the uprising in various places and quickly recruit soldiers to supplement the numbers. The soldiers of the 24th Division had worn-out military uniforms, and they had almost no military blankets, raincoats, or straw sandals. It was raining again, and it was as cold as winter. Coupled with the defeated soldiers' lack of sleep and insufficient supplies, their spirits were extremely fatigued. The important thing at that time was to maintain the morale of the troops and temporarily avoid combat. The farmers were still very good to them. The day after their arrival, farmers from nearby villages sent representatives to comfort them and brought many peanuts, radishes, pigs, etc., to cheer them up. Within a day, we gathered five hundred loads of grain (confiscated and extracted from farmers) for food. We also raised funds to pay them, provided raincoats, straw sandals, towels, etc., and gave them the confiscated cloth to make military uniforms. For the hundreds of sick and injured, we also hired doctors and prepared medicines for them. As a result, the morale of the troops gradually stabilized. We used the East River Revolutionary Committee to command them, and we clearly told them: the East River Revolutionary Committee is an organization of workers and farmers in the East River, led by the Communist Party. They began to have faith in the East River Revolutionary Committee, and our only responsibility was to maintain and reorganize this part of the armed forces. We did our best to explain to them and tell them our way out. The addition of this large number of armed forces in the countryside was remarkable in our view. Party members and the masses believed that the farmers of Hailufeng could seize Hailufeng twice with their own strength, and now they could certainly expand the uprising. We should not hope to immediately take Huizhou and Guangzhou; we could go to the countryside to eliminate the gentry and landlords. After a few days of rest and adjustment, and after some propaganda, the party organization in the army was also established, and all grievances, doubts, and fantasies were reduced. We aimed to eliminate the gentry and landlords, to establish a strategically important base, and to solve the current food problem, and on the 10th (October), we attacked Nanling (the large village of Zijin). Nanling is connected to Hailufeng, and the fields in Hailufeng, Zijin, and Huiyang are all owned by the landlords of Nanling. The transportation there is inconvenient, and it is not easy to sell grain, so there are fifty-year-old old grains. The situation there is very dangerous, and the landlords have solid watchtowers and many firearms. After our troops (the 24th Division and the farmers' army) arrived, the local farmers also rose up. The landlords resisted from the towers, and after a day of fierce fighting, we were unable to take the place, but the soldiers' courage was very good, and the landlords were determined to eliminate this threat. This armed force had an effect in the countryside.
Nanling was not captured, and plans were being made to move to the Longwo area of Zijin or Zijin City. The enemies in Hailufeng, due to the farmers' harassment and fearing that the farmers' army would take the opportunity to retake the county town, wanted to demonstrate to the farmers first, and on the 21st, they attacked the farmers' army's defense at Huangqiang (more than twenty miles from the enemy's defense). The farmers' army and one platoon of the 24th Division fought bravely, killing and wounding more than twenty enemy troops, which boosted the morale even more. At this time, part of the provincial committee's plan had been received. The farmers in Hailufeng did not stop attacking the enemy (at least small harassments) after the white army reoccupied Haifeng and the Ye and He troops failed. Now their courage was increased a hundredfold, preparing to welcome a major struggle. At that time, we were already preparing for the third recovery of all of Hailufeng. If we could achieve complete victory, the land revolution would be effectively carried out, the farmers would obtain land, and the party's victory in Hailufeng would be guaranteed. The remnants of Ye and He (which had been reorganized into the Second Division of the Workers and Farmers Revolutionary Army) were also a useful force for the land revolution in Hailufeng and even Dongjiang.
"Published in 'Hailufeng Soviet', May 1928 edition"
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